Botswana AMR Implementation Guide - Local Development build (v0.1.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

Use Cases

Use Cases

Data Entry

Healthcare professionals enter patient information, antimicrobial usage, and laboratory results through standardized forms.

Data Analysis

Data analysts perform analysis to identify trends, patterns, and risk factors associated with AMR.

Surveillance and Reporting

Public health officials monitor AMR trends and generate reports for decision-making.

WHONET and GLASS Export

Laboratory data stored as FHIR resources can be exported to flat-file formats for use with WHONET or submission to WHO GLASS.

The $export-whonet operation on DiagnosticReport flattens the FHIR resource hierarchy (DiagnosticReport, Encounter, Specimen, OrganismObservation, SusceptibilityObservation) into one row per isolate. Each row includes patient demographics, specimen details, ward type, organism identification, and a column per antibiotic with S/I/R interpretation and MIC values.

Supported output formats:

• WHONET format (format=whonet): Pipe-delimited text compatible with WHONET 2024 import.
• GLASS format (format=glass): CSV formatted for WHO GLASS batch upload, with ATC antibiotic codes and origin classification (hospital-acquired vs community-acquired based on admission date).

This enables sites to maintain a single FHIR-based data store while still participating in global AMR surveillance programs that require legacy flat-file formats.

Antimicrobial Stewardship

Healthcare professionals receive recommendations for appropriate antimicrobial use.

Education and Training

The system provides educational resources and training materials.

Collaboration and Communication

Users can collaborate and share information within the system.

Outbreak Detection

Real-time monitoring with automated alerts when critical thresholds are reached or new AMR patterns are detected.