Botswana AMR Implementation Guide - Local Development build (v0.1.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

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Official URL: http://bw.health.gov/fhir/amr/ImplementationGuide/bw-amr-ig				Version: 0.1.0
Draft as of 2026-03-13				Computable Name: BWAMRIG

Botswana AMR Implementation Guide

This implementation guide defines FHIR profiles and value sets for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reporting in Botswana as part of the Botswana AMR Data Analytics Platform - a collaboration between the University of Botswana and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Background

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms to resist the effects of drugs that once could successfully treat them. AMR now causes more deaths than HIV/AIDS and malaria worldwide and is estimated to be the number-5 leading cause of death in Botswana.

Platform Overview

The Botswana AMR Data Analytics Platform leverages open source software to prevent and contain AMR through:

• Real-time electronic surveillance for early outbreak detection
• Data-driven deployment of prevention and control measures
• Informed decision-making for clinicians and policymakers
• Centralized AMR data collection, analysis, and reporting

This FHIR Implementation Guide provides the technical foundation for standardized data exchange within the platform.

What This IG Covers

Profiles for the complete AMR culture workflow:

• DiagnosticReport — bundles a full culture result: gram stain, organism identifications, and susceptibility panels
• Encounter — captures ward type (inpatient/outpatient/ICU), admission date, and facility for GLASS origin classification
• OrganismObservation — identified organism per isolate, with hasMember links to susceptibility and special test results
• SusceptibilityObservation — S/I/R interpretation and optional MIC/zone diameter per antibiotic
• Specimen, Patient, GramStainObservation, SpecialTestObservation

Operations:

• $export-whonet — exports DiagnosticReport data as WHONET pipe-delimited or GLASS batch CSV flat files

Terminology bindings using LOINC, SNOMED CT, ATC, and Botswana-specific local CodeSystems, with ConceptMaps planned for organism and antibiotic translation.